[NAFEX] small chestnut trees

Hans Brinkmann hans-brinkmann at t-online.de
Thu Jan 25 16:46:39 EST 2007


Hallo Donna and hallo Karl,

I am really impressed. Thank you very much!
Concerning the propagation of chestnuts I can confirm with my own short 
experience:
A close related rootstock is always nice. E.g. some difficult grafting 
walnut J. regia cultivars are grafted
also better on rootstock from it's own variety. (e.g Miracle from Monrepos).
And in general, heat, heat and heat (for winter bench grafting) is 
always good, as you experienced Karl.
I feel,. the type of grafting cut is usually less important.
I think you Donna should just try more bench winter grafting with some 
good heat and some more rootstocks!
To have some more success.

Something nice for you Donna: Mr. Gardner a very experienced nut-breeder 
from MO is involved
very much in one Chinquapin saving project! For me your names are really 
hard, because at Europe, we have to use
only Latin names because of so many languages. This Castanea pumila is 
also growing in a botanical garden close
to my place in cold zone 6.

Yes, your mentioned "Paragon" has been at Europe. One of the largest 
nursery sold it many years ago.
But now no one is selling it at Europe anymore. An English fruit tree 
collector is still searching for it!!!

Your castanea link

http://chestnut.cas.psu.edu/PDFs/Journals/Ban_Li.pdf  

is really like a castanea-bible - we would say at Europe.
Very interesting and informative.
I think the last years more and more the C. sativa x C. crenata crosses 
are popular at EU.
E.g. Marsol' (CA07) and 'Marigoule' (CA15) are considered as very resistant:
University of Tennessee at Chattanooga:
http://www.utc.edu/Faculty/Hill-Craddock/ISHSGraft.html

"Bouche de Bétizac" 
http://www.fao.org/docrep/006/AD235E/ad235e0c.htm#TopOfPage
is also C. sativa x crenata and should be also very resistant.
I grafted Marigoule and Bouche de Bétizac without big problem on C. 
sativa rootstock in 2006.

ciao
Hans            Germany cold zone 6



Donna &/or Kieran schrieb:
> Hans,
>      I have some seedlings that came from a half Chinese half chinkapin 
> crossed back to chinkapin.  They aren't bearing yet, and I don't know how 
> blight resistant they will prove to be.  They came from a NAFEXer in Z7 who 
> got the original cross from another NAFEXer in Z7.  They have small long 
> leaves and start branching low, obviously on their way to being large shrubs 
> instead of trees.  (There is one that apparently backcrossed to chinese 
> chestnut, it's leaves and stems are much larger) One other seedling from 
> another source bloomed last year and made one small nut that I missed 
> getting.  That one is about 8 ft tall.  We do have wild chinks here in Z6, I 
> have seen and even dug some, but they do get blight.  The area I have been 
> shown that still has living, bearing chinks is very unusual because the 
> blight has really reduced the chink population through most of the south.  I 
> am concerned that there is a gall wasp that is making it's way north toward 
> us, and am hoping that my trees start bearing before it arrives, also I hope 
> that SOMEONE with more time and experience than me save some of the local 
> chinkapin population.
>     There was a clone called "S-8 Jap", sometimes referred to as "Essate 
> Jap" produced I think by Dr. Van Fleet when he worked at Beltsville or 
> selected by him or more likely by a successor.  I think it was a chink cross 
> crossed to C. crenata, tends to make a small tree.  I am told it was 
> propagated in the south and is found here and there in older collections of 
> plants.  Since these crosses occurred back in the early 1900's, I would be 
> quite surprised if someone in Europe didn't have a copy of the clone.  This 
> is the only quote I can find on the net referring to it:
>
> " Our first records of crosses between chestnut species typify the whole 
> history of chestnut breeding in the U.S.: the work was done by both an 
> interested amateur and by a professional botanist. George W. Endicott of 
> Villa Ridge, Illinois, was growing `Japan Giant' at the end of the last 
> century, and used pollen from an American chestnut tree to produce Japanese 
> X American hybrids in 1895. One of these hybrids produced six burs in its 
> second year, and was named `Daniel Boone'. This variety was strongly 
> self-fertile, which is rare in chestnut (11). The other early hybridization 
> work was done by Dr. Walter Van Fleet, then an associate editor of the Rural 
> New Yorker Magazine. In 1894 he used pollen of American chestnut on flowers 
> of the European (or European-American) cultivar `Paragon' and planted the 
> progeny in Little Silver, New Jersey (12). Van Fleet went on to make 
> thousands of crosses, using many species, between 1900 and 1921. For his 
> early crosses he used the native chinquapin, C. pumila and European and 
> Japanese cultivars. In his later work he included Chinese chestnuts, C. 
> mollissima Bl. Wild seed of "Castanea species" collected in Tientsin, China, 
> were imported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (as PI#34517) and 
> planted in 1912 at their Bell (Maryland) Experimental Plot. Van Fleet had 
> over 900 of these trees to observe and use there, in addition to subsequent 
> importations made by the USDA plant explorer Frank N. Meyer. Van Fleet's S-8 
> (its row and tree location in the nursery) was crossed by Arthur Graves in 
> Connecticut with a forest-type Japanese to produce the cultivar 'Essate Jap'. 
> Van Fleet 's records on the parents of S-8 are not entirely clear, but the 
> female parent was given as C. pumila from Virginia (or Washington) and the 
> male parent as pollen from "several named varieties of Japan chestnut 
> including 'Parry's Giant', 'Killen', and 'Hale'." H. Nienstaedt concluded in 
> his 1948 thesis that it looked more like C. crenata X C. pumila, based on 
> the results of other crosses of these two species (9)."
>
> There is a rather interesting article to be found on the Net, a translation 
> of a Chinese document on chestnuts in China.  If you'd like to have a look, 
> it is here:
> http://chestnut.cas.psu.edu/PDFs/Journals/Ban_Li.pdf      Wow, I just looked 
> at it again myself, it is VERY interesting, stuff like which part of the 
> tree to collect scions from for best results.  I have NOT tried grafting 
> chestnuts because they are said to be so finicky.  Oh, I take that back, I 
> did put some of the Giant Chink (the original cross that my seedlings came 
> from) on some chinese seedlings.  I used a bark graft and every one took 
> nicely, some even put out catkins, and then every one died in a month or 
> two.  They say if you want success, to graft onto seedlings of the tree you 
> take scions from.        Donna
>
>
>
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